As data centers evolve to support AI, machine learning, and high-performance computing (HPC) workloads, traditional air-cooling systems are reaching their physical and efficiency limits. Direct-to-Chip (D2C) liquid cooling has emerged as a powerful alternative, offering precise heat management, higher rack density, and significant energy savings — all while supporting sustainable operation goals. How Does Direct-to-Chip Cooling Work? Direct-to-Chip (D2C) [...]

Introduction AI models are growing at a geometric pace. Training large language models often requires thousands of GPUs running in parallel, with each GPU consuming more than 500 watts—and future chips may even surpass 1,000 watts. Such high energy use drives rack heat density to extreme levels, making traditional air cooling insufficient for managing hotspots. At the same time, [...]