Over the past decade, air cooling has remained the dominant thermal management method in data centers. However, the rapid growth of AI training, high-performance computing (HPC), and accelerated workloads is pushing rack-level heat density beyond what traditional air systems can efficiently handle in certain deployments. As a result, liquid cooling is increasingly applied in high-density zones—such as AI clusters [...]

A server rack is a standardized metal framework used to mount servers, networking equipment, storage devices, and supporting hardware such as power distribution units (PDUs). Most server racks follow the 19-inch width standard, which ensures compatibility across equipment from different manufacturers. Rather than stacking devices randomly on shelves or floors, racks allow equipment to be securely mounted in vertical [...]

An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) plays a critical role in protecting IT equipment from power disturbances. From brief voltage dips to full power outages, even a short interruption can cause data loss, hardware damage, or service downtime. The level of protection a UPS provides depends largely on its internal design. In general, UPS systems are classified into three main [...]

As data centers continue to support cloud computing, AI workloads, and edge applications, cooling is no longer just a background utility—it has become a defining factor in reliability, efficiency, and long-term operating cost. Modern facilities rarely rely on a single “best” cooling method. Instead, operators choose from multiple cooling system types based on rack density, site conditions, energy strategy, [...]

 In a data center, power availability is only the starting point. As facilities grow in size and complexity, operators need to understand where power is being consumed, how it is distributed, and whether the infrastructure can safely support future expansion. This is where Power Distribution Units (PDUs) play a critical role.Modern PDUs are no longer simple power strips. They have become an essential [...]

For more than a decade, air cooling has been the “default answer” for data centers. It is mature, reliable, well understood, and has supported large-scale growth from traditional enterprise IT to early cloud computing. However, as computing paradigms evolve—higher-power chips, more centralized workloads, and denser deployment models—cooling has gradually shifted from a supporting system to a design constraint. Against [...]

Why Data Center Efficiency Is No Longer Just About Power When data center efficiency is discussed, many people still instinctively think in terms of “how much power is consumed” or “what the PUE looks like.” But in real-world data center operations, efficiency has never been a single-point issue. While servers consume electricity, they also continuously generate heat. How that [...]

As AI, HPC, and high-density computing workloads become the norm in data centers, cooling is no longer a “supporting system,” but a core piece of infrastructure that directly affects compute performance, energy efficiency, and long-term operational costs. Against this backdrop, Direct-to-Chip (D2C) liquid cooling is moving from niche deployments to large-scale adoption and has become one of the most [...]

For more than a decade, PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) has been the cornerstone metric for managing energy efficiency in data centers. However, with cooling technologies evolving rapidly, rack densities climbing—especially in AI and HPC environments with high heat-flux servers—and operators bearing greater responsibility for sustainable resource management, WUE (Water Usage Effectiveness) is quickly emerging as an equally critical benchmark. [...]